SIM SWAPPING

 
 

What is SIM SWAPPING?

SIM swapping, also known as SIM hijacking or SIM jacking, is a type of account takeover fraud that exploits weaknesses in two-factor authentication and verification processes that rely on SMS and phone calls. Here’s how it typically works:

  1. Reconnaissance: The attacker gathers personal information about the target. This can include details such as full name, address, phone number, date of birth, and potentially even Social Security numbers. This information can be obtained through phishing, social engineering, data breaches, or by purchasing it on the dark web.

  2. Social Engineering: The attacker contacts the victim's mobile carrier and impersonates the victim, claiming that their SIM card has been lost or damaged and requesting that the phone number be transferred to a new SIM card that the attacker possesses. To make this convincing, the attacker may use the personal information gathered earlier.

  3. Authentication: The mobile carrier, if not sufficiently diligent, might ask for some form of verification, which the attacker could have the answers to due to the previously gathered information. If the carrier's security protocols are weak or the attacker is persuasive enough, the transfer request is approved.

  4. Control: Once the attacker has control of the victim's phone number, they receive all calls and text messages sent to the victim. This allows the attacker to bypass two-factor authentication (2FA) protections on accounts that use SMS-based 2FA. The attacker can then reset passwords for these accounts and gain access.

  5. Exploitation: With control over the victim’s phone number and possibly access to email and other accounts, the attacker can take over various accounts, including social media, email, and financial accounts, to steal money, information, or commit further fraud.

Prevention Measures

  • Use App-Based 2FA: Instead of relying on SMS-based 2FA, use app-based authentication methods like Google Authenticator.

  • Add PINs to Accounts: Set up PINs or passcodes for your mobile carrier account to add an extra layer of security.

  • Monitor Accounts: Regularly monitor your bank, email, and social media accounts for any suspicious activity.

  • Beware of Phishing: Be cautious about sharing personal information and be on the lookout for phishing attempts.

  • Carrier Security Features: Use additional security features offered by your carrier, such as SIM swap protection or account locks.

Understanding and implementing these preventive measures can significantly reduce the risk of falling victim to a SIM swapping attack.